Ordered one way, atoms make up homes and fresh air, and ordered another way, they make up ash and smoke. Coal and diamonds, cancer and healthy tissue are made out of the variations of atoms too and variations in the ordering of atoms turn precious in cheap, or sick in healthy.
Considering a single atom as a building block nanotechnology seek practical ways to create new materials with specified characteristics. Many companies already know how to assemble atoms and molecules in certain way.
In the future, any molecule will be assembled like a child’s constructor. To achieve it, it is planned to use nano-robots (nanobots). In fact, any chemically stable structure that can be described is possible to be built. Since the nanobots will be programmed for the construction of any structure (in particular, for the construction of other nanobots), they will become very cheap. Working in large groups, nanobots will be able to create any objects with low-cost and high accuracy.
In medicine, the problem nanotechnology application is in change of the cell structure at the molecular level, i.e. to “molecular surgery” with the help of nano-robots. In medicine is expected the creation of molecular robots-doctors, who can “live” inside the human body, preventing or eliminating all arising damage. Nanobots will be able to repair cells by manipulating individual atoms and molecules. Scientists forecast the creation of robots-doctors in the first half of XXI century.
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In Tokyo’s Waseda University created the world’s thinnest band-aid, a nanometers-thick adhesive bandage sheet designed for surgical use. With nano band-aid you can pull off a wound, even on internal organs. Scientists have successfully used it healing a wound in the lungs of a dog. One week after attaching the plaster, scientists found the dog’s wound had healed.
Named “Nano Bansoko” (nano band-aid), the new bandage is between from several tens of nanometers to 1,500 nanometers thick (a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter). It is more than 1,000 times thinner than a plastic wrap. One side of nano band-aid is highly adhesive and can stick to tissues around wounds, while the other side shows very little tissue adhesion. The bandage, which breaks down naturally after healing, is made from chitosan (a substance derived from chitin found in crab shells) and alginate sodium (produced in kelp slime).
“We will now conduct a detailed safety evaluation in order to put the bandage into practical use in three years,” said professor Shinji Takeoka, who also announced plans to study the use of the bandage on other organs like intestines, as well as in scar prevention on sutured wounds after breast cancer surgery.
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People who repeatedly recover from ordinary seasonal flu or a few times vaccinated, perhaps, to some extent are protected from the swine flu A virus H1N1, researchers from the United States reported.
They found evidence that the human immune system can partially recognize A virus H1N1 virus, which is something still similar to seasonal influenza viruses.
“Swine influenza is a bit like an ordinary flu, which may suggest that humans already have a partial immunity against it. Perhaps this can make the disease less severe among the general population than previously estimated,” – said Alessandro Sette, Ph.D. Head and Member Center for Infectious Disease in California.
The study also may help explain why many older people are not so hard to carry the disease, said Ellison Dekhat Augustine from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. “We adults may be a partial immunity against A virus H1N1,” – she said.
Swine flu has swept through about 22 million Americans from April to October, killing an estimated 3,900 people, including 540 children.
“We’ve been tracking influenza for decades,” says Anne Schuchat, director of the CDC’s National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. “What we are seeing in 2009 is unprecedented.”
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The main and most important mechanism of massage action is revitalization of the nervous system. And through the nerve endings massage impacts on all organs and tissues. Masseur must know massage techniques that can increase or decrease the excitability of the nervous system depending on the initial state of the human body.
During the massage is also accelerating the metabolic processes and stimulation of blood and lymph vessels, which promotes the excretion of metabolic products and excess fluid to relieve venous congestion. Under the action of massage is growing network of small blood vessels, and thus improves blood supply to the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle tissue and internal organs.
The variety of species and methods of massage
First of all, massage is divided into therapeutic and hygienic.
Therapeutic massage is appointed to the sick people in order to restore their health and hygienic massage is for prevention objectives for healthy people.
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Ever since the invention of nanotechnology, scientists tried to foresee its medical potential. By operating on such a small scale, tiny nano-robots could potentially enter the human body, making for better diagnoses, rushing through the bloodstream delivering medicine, or even performing complex operations too difficult for human hands.
“Nanorobotics can play a major role in medical applications, especially for target interventions into the human body through the vascular network,” says Sylvain Martel, director of the nanorobotics laboratory at École Polytechnique de Montréal. ” I believe that nanorobotics could bring new methods and tools to these particular applications.”
While medical molecular machines are not likely to appear soon, there are a great amount of research going into the development of nanoscale robots, and not only for therapeutic use. Can we really use robots at the nano level? Or can we reduce our current machines to that size? We simply do not have the technology yet to make microscopic robotics…
This does not mean that nanomedicine is impossible. Nanomaterials can do anything from improve dental and bone implants, because their mechanical and chemical properties can be tuned to match those of the surrounding tissue, as well as improving medical imaging and better delivering drugs in the body.
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Study Group of the Wake Forest University have successfully grown a rabbit’s penis, based on collagen and cells of rabbits. With artificial penis rabbits regained not only erectile function but also the reproduction ability, a medical conference in the U.S. has been told.
The research was led by the team of Dr. Anthony Atala, who said that the novel experiments raise hope that tissue engineering can one day be used to help men with severe impotence, or needing penile reconstruction, to regain their full sexual function.
The concept is that cells from a reduced organ are sprayed onto a collagen matrix, then bathed with compounds that stimulate cell growth and left in kept in an environment that duplicates the temperature and chemical makeup of living tissue.
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Vision is the most important of the five senses, because it allows us to see the world in every detail, enjoy its colors, variety of nuances and shapes.
Environmental pollution, inherited genes, congenital diseases are the reasons for loss of most people’s eyesight. The choice of many of us is silicone hydrogel contact lenses.
Silicone hydrogel lenses are the latest development in soft contact lens materials. They are healthier than conventional soft lenses because they allow up to 6 times more oxygen to pass through them and increased oxygen transmission results in better overall eye health.
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Why do we need contact lenses? Most people prefer them instead of glasses, which, in their view, distort the appearance. In addition, there are many other benefits for contact lenses wearers:
- vision becomes more natural, the size of objects close to the real;
- the contact lens moves with the eye, so there is no distortion inherent in the use of glasses;
- the field of view is not limited as by spectacles;
- contact lenses never mist.
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Ordered one way, atoms make up homes and fresh air, and ordered another way, they make up ash and smoke. Coal and diamonds, cancer and healthy tissue are made out of the variations of atoms too and variations in the ordering of atoms turn precious in cheap, or sick in healthy.
